Wednesday, April 30, 2014

'Rising Star' contestants will advance only if enough live viewers vote yes. 'Rising Star' contestants will advance only if enough live viewers vote yes. Credit: ABC

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In the post-apocalyptic world of the "Hunger Games," people sit glued to their TV sets watching children literally battle to the death. They cheer for their favorites and even send them supplies to help bolster their chance for survival.

While author Suzanne Collins created the "Hunger Games" in part as a satire, mocking our fascination with reality TV, broadcast and cable channels are taking a cue from the popular book-to-movie trilogy. And while no one will actually die in any of these shows (not yet, anyway) contestants' fates are increasingly being left up to the audience.

From Discovery Channel to ABC, the newest slate of reality shows are looking to engage viewers beyond just voting for contestants. The hope is these shows will create must-see moments that people will want to watch live, a win for both networks and advertisers.

This comes at a time when the water cooler chatter has shifted from who got kicked off Fox's "American Idol" to who was killed off on HBO's "Game of Thrones." The number of new buzz-worthy reality competitions outside of NBC's "The Voice" has been limited, and even "The Voice" is down 13% among 18-to-49-year-olds. Ratings for series like "Idol" and ABC's "Dancing With the Stars" have hit new lows this season. And Fox has canceled Simon Cowell's "The X-Factor" after just three seasons.

"There's never been a genre that has been hammered so much," said Ken Warwick, executive producer of the new ABC singing competition "Rising Star," who is best known for producing "Idol."

The numerous iterations of competition shows from singing to dancing to dressmaking, and everything in between, has forced a need for reinvention, he said.

"Rising Star" is Mr. Warwick's answer to the derivative nature of the genre. While series like "Idol" and CBS' "Big Brother" helped mainstream the concept of TV voting more than a decade ago, not much has changed since then. Viewers either pick up the phone, text or, most recently, vote via Facebook, Google and Twitter. Then they wait a night or week to see who their votes saved or kicked off the show.

"Rising Star," which is adopted from an Israel show with the same format, will air on ABC in June and will allow viewers to vote and see results in real-time. During each episode, contestants perform live, behind a screen. Viewers vote via an app as contestants sing, with results popping up on the TV, including the pictures of voters. The contestants need a "yes" vote from 70% of people signed in to the app in order for their screen to lift and for them to advance to the next round.

"People still like these shows, but every format has a sell-by date," Mr. Warwick said. The format of "Rising Star" will bring the focus back to the contestants rather than the judges, he added.

The real-time results also eliminate the need for a separate results show, where the need for filler is strong and ratings for some series have fallen.

TV networks have a vested interest in finding reality competition shows that work, since they are typically cheaper to produce than scripted series and deliver a higher concentration of the all-important 18-to-49 demo.

Beyond singing competitions, E! is developing a dating series with the working title "Love Live," where audiences will play matchmaker in real-time with real people's dates.

Bravo will also experiment with a real-time reality series with the working title, "100 Dates." The show follows New Yorkers as they search for love, with viewers interacting with the cast through social media to affect the story. "100 Dates" will be shot and aired within a single week, allowing viewers' commentary to have an impact.

"This is how people live their lives," said Shari Levine, senior VP of production, Bravo. "They live on social platforms where they comment, like and interact with friends. It's their currency."

But perhaps the biggest effort in real-time reality will come when Discovery Channel begins "Survival Live" later this year. The 42-day live, multi-platform event will follow eight people abandoned in a remote wilderness with nothing but the clothes on their backs. As Discovery live-streams their struggles, it will allow contestants to build relationships with the audience and appeal to viewers to send them much-needed supplies like water or a cell phone. It's then up to the viewers to decide whether or not to help the contestants, immediately impacting game play.

Discovery will air two episodes each week, one recapping what happened during the week's hunt and skill battles, the other a live "extraction" episode where viewers will discover whether contestants received the supplies they requested.

"It's more than just a popularity contest with viewers deciding who is voted off the island, "said Matt Kelly, VP-development and production, Discovery Channel. "They can actually change the dynamic of the show and that will be the evolution of reality."

"Survival Live" has been the most buzzed-about series among ad buyers coming out of Discovery's upfront, said Scott Felenstein, senior VP-ad sales, Discovery Communications.

While Mr. Felenstein declined to say what deals with marketers might look like, it is easy to imagine a water company or cell phone maker integrating products into the show. "A highly-engaged audience that's paying attention to the content makes brands that partner with the show stand out," he said. "There's been a lot of interest beyond just running spots."

Several networks have already been testing this real-time format, with varying degrees of success.

NBC aired "Million Second Quiz" last fall, a 24-7 trivia game that allowed viewers to play games at home for a chance to make it onto the live show. While ratings for the show, which was hosted by Ryan Seacrest, fell short of the hype, the peacock network did boast that 1.5 million people engaged in 28 million games, with more than 400,000 players earning enough points to qualify to play on TV.

Syfy also debuted "Opposite Worlds" in January, a reality show that split two groups into opposing teams to live in two different worlds -- one set in the past and one in the future. As cast members competed in a series of challenges, viewers weighed in live on social media, to help affect the outcome of each player's fate.

For advertisers, the appeal is obvious. "Live programming (sports, award shows, stunts) have shown a real ability to breakthrough and prevent commercial skipping," said David Campanelli, senior VP-national broadcast, Horizon Media, in an email. "And everyone is looking at how to capitalize on the second screen. These types of shows are a way to do that. Having said that, if the show isn't good and not one watches, it will fall flat."

1. Kate Moss and Jamie Hince.

Kate Moss and Jamie Hince.

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Kate Moss just so happened to be "googling men" with a friend when she stumbled across Jamie. She decided she "liked the look of him" and the rest is history.

2. Nick and Vanessa Lachey.

Nick and Vanessa Lachey.

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These two met on the set of Nick's music video, "What's Left of Me," where she was playing his love interest.

The song was actually written about his ex-wife Jessica Simpson in the wake of their very messy, very public split, but it seems that Vanessa helped to mend Nick's heart.

3. Kate Hudson and Matt Bellamy.

Kate Hudson and Matt Bellamy.

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This actress and band-member aren't exactly the most likely of pairings, but it turns out that music is something they have in common.

They met after Kate lost her friends at Coachella festival in California. Proving himself to be quite the gentleman, Matt offered to help her and they've been inseparable ever since.

4. Peter Andre and Emily Macdonagh.

Peter Andre and Emily Macdonagh.

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Weird but true, Peter and Emily met after Peter fell ill with kidney stones in 2010. He was treated by Emily's surgeon father, Ruaraidh MacDonagh and met the family after the operation.

Peter stayed in touch with the MacDonaghs, with Emily's dad operating on Peter's father too. However, it took Peter two years of friendship before he plucked up the courage to ask Emily out on a date. They're now engaged and have a baby girl together.

5. Avril Lavigne and Chad Kroeger.

Avril Lavigne and Chad Kroeger.

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These two surprised us all when they revealed that they weren't only dating, but were getting married too.

Turns out they met on a professional basis, with Chad helping to write tracks for Avril's album. They wrote a song about heart-break, which Avril explained helped them to "bond like crazy".

She said: "It was like we'd known each other forever. It's a very intimate process, and you have to really open up when you're songwriting. When it was over and I had to go work with other people, it sucked. So I called him and asked him to come back to L.A. to do some more writing with me, and he was like, 'Hell yeah!' "

6. Frankie Sandford and Wayne Bridge.

Frankie Sandford and Wayne Bridge.

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Sometimes all it takes is for a mutual friend to do a spot of match-making, and in the case of Frankie and Wayne, that friend was actor James Corden.

James revealed: "I got their phone numbers and I put each other's number in the phones and I said, 'I want this to work.' Two weeks later, they're in the paper and they're dating."

They're now engaged and have a baby son.

7. Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne.

Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne.

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Ozzy and Sharon met when she was sent by her father to collect a business debt from him. She then helped Ozzy into rehab, before marrying him three years later.

8. Professor Green and Millie Mackintosh.

Professor Green and Millie Mackintosh.

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Millie and Professor Green have FHM magazine to thank for their relationship, after he saw her on the cover.

He liked what he saw and asked his publicist to get Millie's number. She obliged, he called within half an hour and they were married within two years of meeting.

9. Matt Damon and Luciana Barroso.

Matt Damon and Luciana Barroso.

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Matt and Luciana met in a bar in Miami in 2003, while he was shooting the movie Stuck on You.

Matt later recalled: "We ended up at a bar where my wife was the bartender. I literally saw her across a crowded room."

10. Uma Thurman and Ethan Hawke.

Uma Thurman and Ethan Hawke.

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These two first met at a cashpoint in Manhattan, when he attempted to strike up a conversation with her. She wasn't especially impressed, and it was only when they were later reunited on the set of Gattaca that she really fell for him.

11. Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner.

Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner.

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It took for these two to be on two movie sets before they embarked on a relationship.

They first met in 2001 while shooting Pearl Harbor, but it wasn't until 2003 when they reconnected on the set of Daredevil that romance blossomed.

12. Gwen Stefani and Gavin Rossdale.

Gwen Stefani and Gavin Rossdale.

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Gwen and Gavin met when No Doubt supported his band Bush, way back in 1995.

He went to great lengths to be noticed by her, throwing a party specifically so he could speak to Gwen. They ended up having their first kiss that night, and are now married with three children.

13. Calvin Harris and Rita Ora.

Calvin Harris and Rita Ora.

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Calvin and Rita didn't get off to the best of starts. They became aware of each other over Twitter, where they had a massive spat.

There was a lot of expletive-ridden anger shared between the two, after Rita claimed that Cheryl Cole's song, "Call My Name," which was produced by Calvin, was offered to her first but she turned it down.

However, things improved when they met backstage at an event and began dating.

14. Tom Brady and Gisele Bundchen.

Tom Brady and Gisele Bundchen.

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The world's most beautiful couple met after being set up on a blind date by a mutual friend.

The friend apparently said Tom was the male version of Gisele and vice versa.

15. Zayn Malik and Perrie Edwards.

Zayn Malik and Perrie Edwards.

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If there's one thing these two have in common, its The X Factor.

The pair met in 2011 when Perrie was a contestant on the show with band Little Mix. One Direction dropped in to perform their new single on the programme, and Zayn and Perrie hit it off.

They enjoyed numerous secret dates before finally going public with their romance months later.

16. Scarlett Johansson and Romain Dauriac.

Scarlett Johansson and Romain Dauriac.

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These two haven't revealed much about their relationship, but if rumours are to be believed, they met through their love of tattoos.

It's believed that they were introduced by their mutual tattoo artist friend, who has inked them both.

17. Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux.

Jennifer Aniston and Justin Theroux.

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They first met on the set of Tropic Thunder in 2008, but it took for them to star in the 2011 film Wanderlust for romance to blossom.

And it seems that the reason for the lack of an initial spark is down to Jennifer worrying that Justin looked like a serial killer.

She revealed: "I met Justin about five years ago and I thought, 'Woah, he is very sweet', but I remember thinking he was very dark too. At first you think he could be like a serial killer but he is actually the nicest person in the world!"

18. Jamie Bell and Evan Rachel Wood.

Jamie Bell and Evan Rachel Wood.

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Jamie and Evan Rachel met on the set of the Greenday video for "Wake Me Up When September Ends," which they were both starring in.

They dated for a few years, split, then reconciled, got married and recently welcomed a baby.

19. Isaac and Nicole Hanson.

Isaac and Nicole Hanson.

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Isaac and Nikki met when she attended a Hanson gig in 2003. He spotted her in the crowd, seated on the fifth row.

Isaac later revealed: "I went to the main guitar tech right after the show. I was like, 'Dude, I really need your help. There's this girl … She's gonna leave.' And he goes, 'Dude, I really don't have time right now. Talk to the stage manager.' So I got the stage manager to stop my wife."

20. Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones.

Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones.

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The pair met at the premiere of Catherine's film, The Mask of Zorro. However, their first encounter wasn't that romantic, as he approached her by saying: "I want to father your children."

She wasn't impressed and walked away. He then sent her a dozen roses to apologise, and she eventually agreed to a date. Funnily enough, he did then go on to father her children, with the pair marrying in 2000 and having two kids.

21. Will Smith and Jada Pinkett-Smith.

Will Smith and Jada Pinkett-Smith.

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Believe it or not, these two met at a Fresh Prince of Bel Air audition back when Jada was 19.

Romance didn't blossom for a while though, with Jada admitting: "After we had known each other for many years, we went out for dinner one night [with mutual friends] and I saw that he had grown from this lanky kid to this really responsible man. We started courting each other and our friendship turned into romance."

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Tuesday, April 29, 2014

There's a great moment midway through the first (and currently the only) season of The Comeback, HBO's 2005 cult comedy starring Lisa Kudrow. Kudrow plays Valerie Cherish, a washed-up sitcom star given a second lease on fame with a supporting role in a broad TV comedy (the perfectly titled Room And Bored), as well as her own tie-in reality show. During a lunch meeting with a TV Guide reporter, Cherish insists that the show isn't going to be tawdry; she wants to tell her story "with dignity." The Comeback itself is about the tension between the story Cherish wants to tell and the one she's actually telling. Hidden behind an ersatz grin, Cherish wants to put on a brave face and be the hero of her own story. Sitting down to watch the Room And Bored pilot, she realizes the reality of television is more complicated.

Vain, deluded, and desperate for attention, Valerie Cherish was a forerunner of our modern reality television era, dominated by women who will do what it takes to remain in the spotlight. Though women are underrepresented in scripted television (accounting for just 43 percent of primetime speaking roles), their stories dominate reality TV. But what stories are actually getting told here? As Newsweek's Jessica Bennett puts it, the surfeit of representation comes with a cost, as reality television portrays women as "money-grubbing, plastic-surgery-plumped fame whores—a cadre of schemers who seemingly can't resist a good catfight." You don't see many Real Housewives-style shows for men, but for women, they're just about the only game in town.

Coincidentally enough, HBO is discussing a revival of The Comeback just as OWN is nearing the conclusion of its eight-episode run of Lindsay, a docu-series that, like the show Cherish has in her head, aspires to give viewers something different. Lindsay promises viewers an inside look at the struggles and triumphs of Lindsay Lohan's career, as she embarks on what she knows to be her last attempt at fame. Lohan shares much in common with Valerie Cherish; they're both former A-listers who became victims of success. Cherish's show made her the "It Girl," but the problem with that designation is that it fades. An actor can't stay "fresh" forever, and Cherish relishes the time when she was still "It." It's telling that Lindsay Lohan still owns a "Fetch" T-shirt from Mean Girls, an artifact of a time when she was still the Queen Bee. It's even more telling that, now a decade later, her mother admits she has no idea what " fetch" means.

In giving Lohan her comeback story, the Oprah tie-in lends the enterprise an air of legitimacy. Winfrey has made her name on an ethos of empowerment, with a talk show that marketed to its viewers a brand of middle-class actualization. Like the self-help book The Secret, which Oprah helped make into a cultural phenomenon, Winfrey's message is about the power of positive thinking and the transformation of the self. That brand is stamped all over Lindsay, as Winfrey attempts to will Lindsay Lohan into wellness. In the series' third episode, Lohan fails to make the commitments of the show, canceling shoots with producers and sleeping well into the afternoon. Oprah schedules an intervention, telling her to "cut the bullshit" and reminding her that a reality show comes with expectations. She has to play the game.

Although Lohan reminds Winfrey that she wants this, she doesn't seem to grasp the very concept that Winfrey is explaining. "I signed up for something to just [have] a camera just be there, not a reality show," Lohan tells the camera crew. "No offense to the Kardashians. They do a great job with theirs, but I don't ever want to be that." Lohan states that her number-one mission is sobriety, and it's clear that she expected the documentary to act as her AA sponsor: It's harder to take a drink if all of America is watching you. But therein lies the tension of Lindsay. The show seemingly exists to hold her accountable for her actions, but it also revels in them, putting bad behavior at the center of Lindsay's marketing campaign. As comedian J. Anthony Brown reminds us, "Mess sells."

Media critic Jennifer Pozner argues reality TV often "exploits minorities, women and children" because they're the most vulnerable, as women like Lindsay Lohan or Valerie Cherish might not otherwise have opportunities for success. And what's clear from Lindsay is just how incredibly vulnerable Lohan is. Signing up for the show, Lohan had absolutely nothing left to lose. The actress is all but unhireable after a New York Times profile detailed the cost of working with her, and her latest projects have included the critically reviled Scary Movie 5 and inAPPropriate Comedy—the latter of which should be on the short list of Worst Movies Ever Made. At this point, Lohan will take almost any gig she can get, which makes her perfect fodder for a reality show. Trapped in her hotel room by the swarm of paparazzi that follow her every move, Lohan describes herself as a "prisoner." She doesn't know how right she is.

But it's unlikely that a reality show will be her ticket to freedom. Throughout Lindsay, Lohan has almost no power over her own life, forever controlled by someone's lens, whether it's the tabloid media or her own show. When she's on camera, Lindsay Lohan is under contract, which the producers remind her of by threatening to revoke her payment when she doesn't do what she's told. Oprah might say that she only wants what's best for her, but she's just another camera, ready to profit off of watching a woman humiliate herself. At the end of The Comeback, Valerie Cherish is forced to make a choice between respecting herself and being in the spotlight. Her show is a hit, but it also makes her look like the villain and continuing with it would sacrifice her integrity. Cherish decides dignity isn't as important as she thought.

With Lindsay Lohan, it's not just about dignity, putting on a brave face for the public. This is her life. Oprah reminds Lohan that she wants to help the actress speak her truth and reach people, but that only lasts for eight episodes, until the contract is up. What happens when the cameras turn off? Oprah might get the tape she wants, but it's Lindsay Lohan who has to live with the reality. 

The report is in, and the eulogy has been delivered. Romantic comedies are dead. I say that's good news.

Hollywood has long told us one big story about love: Romance is the reason for living. Meet-cutes. Butterflies. That moment when you think you've lost him forever, followed by relief and a kiss that sweeps you off your feet. Cue the swelling violins.

Rom-coms and grand romances have long ruled as one of the most reliable ways to entice viewers and sell tickets. Sure, we've also had movies about family members learning to love each other better. Once in a while we get a good buddy comedy. But "true love" has been the big draw.

Schooled by Hollywood's version of romance, we filter our whole lives through rose-colored glasses. Someday my prince will come, we think. I too can have a fancy magazine-editor job, lattes, stilettos, and the man of my dreams. We rarely even say "I love you" any more outside of romance's embrace.

Lately, though, the soothsayers have forecast the end of the romance-driven movie. In 2013, The Hollywood Reporter reported on the genre's demise, quoting industry insiders who said "the meet-cute is dead." In January, Alexander Huls pointed out in The Atlantic that last year's romances—The Spectacular Now, Enough Said, Before Midnight—are more realistic than their predecessors, portraying the challenges of romantic relationships rather than glossing over them.

But there's even better news. A host of recent movies and television shows—from About Time to Frozen to Parks and Recreation—tell a new story: Romance is not the only kind of love that makes life worth living.

About Time (directed by rom-com king Richard Curtis, who also made Bridget Jones's Diary and Love Actually) was marketed as a rom-com. But viewers got something else. The movie has its head-over-heels love story, but that story is largely wrapped up one-third of the way through. From then on, the love that drives the movie isn't the couple's butterflies, but their oddball friends and family.

Similarly, Disney's much-loved animated movie Frozen shows us that while romance is all well and good, sisterly love is the kind of love that will cast out fear. All the characters in the movie—and we in the audience as well—expect that the purest form of love is "true love's kiss," something that would be right at home with most of Disney's animated offerings. Instead, Frozen mirrors John 15:13 (ESV): "Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends."

In the indie comedy Drinking Buddies, two friends who work together, played by Olivia Wilde and Jake Johnson, have such a great rapport that you spend the whole movie expecting them to get together. Even they seem to expect it. But the film inverts the conventions of romantic comedies: just when you think they're going to cross the line between friends and something more, the story takes an unexpected turn. There's something stronger between these two than attraction or potential romance, something difficult but enduring—and there's nothing you'd call it but love.

Meanwhile, Parks and Recreation, one of the most sweet-natured and sincere shows on TV, has a few heartwarming romances, to be sure. But the show's heart is in the friendships and mentoring relationships between Leslie, Ron, Ann, April, and the whole crew. Similarly, while romance has always been part of New Girl, it's the friendships that hold the story together and keep us watching.

Even 30 Rock, a sitcom that hinged on the ever more ludicrous romantic failures of its leads, had at its core the bond between two coworkers turned friends. Jack and Liz's platonic relationship was vitally important to both characters' development. Jack, never good with his feelings, delivers a long-winded speech in the show's finale about "a word that comes to us from the old High German 
. . . I am going to use this word to describe how I feel about you in the way that our Anglo-Saxon forefathers would have used it in reference to, say, ah, a hot bowl of bear meat or your enemy's skull split—"

"I love you, too, Jack," interrupts Liz. And he smiles. She gets it.

Even movies that seem to be romances turn out to have other kinds of love in mind—like Her, in which Joaquin Phoenix's character falls in love with his computer. The more I think about it, I wonder if the "her" of the title is actually the computer at all—or if it's the friend played by Amy Adams, the constant presence in the film, right to the final shot.

A Higher Love

Against all odds, Hollywood seems to be discovering that when we make romance the highest form of love, we're missing what love is all about. St. Augustine characterized rightly ordered love, which he called caritas, as love that delights in its object, but follows that delight beyond the object to God. By contrast, wrongly ordered love, or cupiditas, is love that fixates on its object, seeking happiness there as its final end.

In other words, cupiditas ultimately stagnates. Once the object is acquired, the journey ends.

Rom-coms and romances traditionally end at the wedding—or even the first kiss. And while a wedding is a time-
honored way to end a comedy, when that is the only story we can tell, we forget that finally "getting" the girl, finally making it to the altar, is just the start of learning to love. More important, we forget that love is not just for people in romantic relationships. Real love occupies our whole lives.

This is something we learn in friendship, a relationship that, unlike romance, has no natural peak. There's no final goal for friendship. Rather, friendship is an ongoing process of pursuing intimacy.

This is why psychologists, counselors, and social researchers—both Christian and not—report that one of the clearest predictors of marital success and happiness is friendship between the partners. While romance can stagnate and fluctuate, leaving us looking for the next emotional high, friendship is dynamic and moving. It is about living life together and maturing through loving one another. (There's a reason why Jesus, who never married, did surround himself with close friends.)

So instead of ending with a kiss, Drinking Buddies ends with the two friends sitting side by side, eating lunch together—after considering romance, weathering a fight, and deciding instead to deepen their friendship. New Girl treats Nick and Jess's romance as one storyline among many, including a quest to repair the friendship between two characters who had a broken, dysfunctional romance in the past. It's friendship, not romance alone, that can go the distance. Friends (and family who treat one another as friends) are the ones who challenge us, ignite us, and rescue us from our own foolishness. Good friends push us to become more of who we were created to be. Even when it hurts, true friends are the ones, as Proverbs says, who are like iron sharpening iron.

It's hard to say whether this emphasis will continue. Shows like House of Cards (in which the couple at the center use friendship and romance alike for dastardly ends) give us a more cynical picture of "antilove." Others, like Scandal, continue to glamorize toxic romances. And at the movies, there will always be space for the cathartic thrill of experiencing a grand romance. But with any luck, maybe onscreen stories that focus on love between friends will also stick around, broadening our definition of love and pointing us—ultimately—toward the One who continues to make and shape us, every day.

Alissa Wilkinson is chief film critic for CT, 
assistant professor of English and humanities at The King's College, and editor of QIdeas.org.

Monday, April 28, 2014

TMCNet: Reality TV Shows - Employment for Youths or Brands' Marketing Gimmick?

[April 28, 2014]
(AllAfrica Via Acquire Media NewsEdge) For years now, different reality television series and shows have dominated Nigerian television stations. In fact, in a few years time, some reality TV shows will celebrate 10th anniversary of discovering talents from different parts of the country and yet not many of these brand-organised reality television shows, especially those targeted on music, can proudly point to at least five big stars in the entertainment industry made from their stables.
Taking you back to the beginning of reality shows in Nigeria silver screens, one will, to some extent, say that after the first edition of Big Brother Africa (BBA) which took place in 2003 with 12 housemates, drawn from different African countries, Nigeria inclusive, all manner of reality television series have been held and are still been held.

It was after the first edition of BBA television series that Big Brother Nigeria (BBN) took place in 2005 where Katung Aduwak was declared the winner. Katung after his victory, which many thought was not deserved, because he came into the house late, Aduwak was seen at few events, went into film production for a while and then nothing was heard of him until his wedding some years later. The interesting thing is that his fellow housemate, Ebuka, whom many that watched the show religiously had tipped to win but failed to, is doing well as a newspaper columnist and a TV programme host, thanks to the exposure he gained from participating in the show. After that first edition, BBN went under. In 2004, Nigerian Breweries Plc launched Gulder Ultimate Search (GUS and this year, it will mark its 10 anniversary. GUS has this line up of past winners, Ezeugo Egwuagwu who went home with a sum of N3 million and other consolation prizes. The next season, Luncan Chambliss discovered the lost helmet and was crowned the ultimate hero. He smiled home with a cheque of N5 million. Hector Jobereth followed up in third season as the champion and was awa rded with a sum of N5 million and an SUV. Dominic Mudabai found the golden age and exchanged it with a cheque worth N5 million, a brand new SUV and other consolation prizes that included a wardrobe allowance. For the fourth season which was held in in Enugu State, Micheal Nwachukwu, found the lost chronicle and was rewarded with a brand new SUV, N7 million, and N500,000 wardrobe allowance. Uche Nwaezeapu emerge the ultimate hero of the GUS 6. He walked home with the sum of N7 million, a brand new SUV and a N500,000 wardrobe allowance.Kunle Aderemi emerge the ultimate hero for the seventh season and was rewarded with N7 million, N500,000 wardrobe allowance and a brand new SUV. The eighth edition saw Okagbue as the winner. He got a brand new SUV, N7 million, and a N500,000 wardrobe allowance.

Pascal Eronmose won GUS 9 while Dennis Okike found 'The Tenth Symbol' and exchanged it for the N10 million cash prize and a brand new Mitsubishi Pajero SUV.

With this sum of money, th ese young men should be self reliance financially. But that may not the case. Some, according to our investigations, have gone back to square one. Others like Ezugo who once went into power bike business which later failed, and Domnic, the fourth winner of the TV show, were featured as gatekeepers in some editions GUS, aside these few appearances once in a while, most of them are still struggling to be in the public face while others have disappeared from the limelight. Assuming they are still millionaires as expected, were they discovered to become silent millionaires with little or no contribution to the economic well being of the society they live in? They have not been seen yet, to have used the prize money to create more wealth for themselves and other Nigerians through direct job creation by investing the millions in something that will make them employers of labour.

After the last edition, many fans of the jungle hero hunt series may have come to a smart conclusion that women who took part in the Ultimate search are just there to make up the number because they will never win because Guilder is purely a masculine brand. Another reality TV series that popped up and swept its audience off their feet, especially those who dream of becoming movie stars, was The Amstel Malta Box Office Show popularly known as AMBO which was launched in 2005. To its credit, AMBO succeeded in producing top actors like Azizat Sadiq, O C Ukeje , Bhaira McWizu, Adewole Ojo and Ivie Okujaye. O.C Ukeje is arguably one of the biggest Nigerian actors to have emerged from a reality TV show. Other AMBO stars have gone on to achieve success from magazines covers to awards and starring in multimillion naira movies like Sitanda, Whitewaters, Cindy's Notes, The Child and Alero Symphony. some of the films that came from the now rested AMBO have won awards both locally and internationally.

In the same 2005, Next Movie Star, by Sola Fajobi, kicked off. This reality TV show has not done badly too. Some reputable actors and actresses, though not winners during their time in the competition, were able to make something out of what they experienced from the reality show. Some went to bigger reality shows and won.

The likes of Tonto Dike, Annie Idibia, Uti Nwachukwu, Karen Igho, Kevin Chuwampa are proud alumni of the show. So far, Kevin Chuwampa who was the first Nigerian that brought BBA money home is the only one missing in the entertainment arena now. Though, the first music related talent hunt television series, Star Quest, started in 2002 before the influx of many reality shows, Star Quest which claims to be the biggest band group talent hunt and the oldest reality show cannot boast of having a long list of big music stars either. Aside KC Presh, made up Kingsley Okonkwo and Precious John, that won the maiden edition, Star Quest, held in 2002, before they went their separate ways a couple of months ago, were the Only group that have remained in limelig ht. With their trendy lifestyle, KcPresh did everything possible to stay relevant in the game. Presently, KCee, as a solo artiste is the shining star. Other winners of the contest are visible during their one year contract after which, they disappear into the thin air. For other winners of Star Quest like Da'accord, D'jewell, Diamonds, The Pulse, Juke Box and B.E.A.T Band, it has been a rough ride to fame. The Pulse dazzled all when they had Buster Rhymes on the remix of so tey, their debut album and Diamonds shone like a a diamond star for a brief period with Bosokoto, after that, they went to sleep. A member of the Pulse Band, DJ Switch, even went solo in another reality show, Glo X-Factor, last year and won. More music related reality series joined the band wagon after MTN Project Fame West Africa came on board in 2008. And the project fame origin could be traced to the Project Fame Academy that took place in south Africa which gave talented singer/song writer, Darey Art Alade, h is big break in 2004. Because of his project fame participation, he was the host for the first edition of the MTN Project Fame.

Project Fame can count some big stars like Iyanya, Chidinma and Praiz Mike, the second edition winner, is neither here nor there but he is doing his best to stay afloat. As MTN Project Fame sizzled, another telecommunication giant decided to launch into the reality music show arena with Glo Naija Sings in 2009. This reality TV show was the winner takes all and the prize was N7.5million. And after three editions of producing winners who never released a single let alone an album, they decided to let the Naija sings television show sleep and replaced it with the American X-Factor franchise. Speaking with Christian, the last Glo Naija Sings winner in 2011 on what has been happening to him and where he has been, he said "since my victory, God has been good. I got married to the most beautiful girl in the world who happens to be a beauty queen. She won Fin est Girl in Abuja 2012 and we have a son now." On what he is doing at the moment as regards music, he said "I have recorded 32 songs so far. I am into so many things now like Comedy, acting and my music. Hopefully my first single Miracle Worker will drop soon and I have a movie coming out soon too titled Here we stand.

On whether there is anything Glo is doing to help push his single and album, he replied "Glo has done their part by giving me an opportunity to shine at the competition. We talk from time to time and they check on me." And we ask should the brand not be the main propeller of this first album before sending him off completely? Let's recall that In 2001, when P-Square won the Grab Da Mic competition Organised by Benson & Hedges. The company sponsored the group's debut album titled Last Nite, which was released under Timbuk2 Music label. P-Square was also nominated as "Most Promising African Group" in the Kora Awards three months after the release of the album. They eventually won the 2003 AMEN Award for Best R&B Group. When they won the competition back then, the cigarette manufacturing giant gave they a keyboard that was worth N80, 000. And then sponsored their debut album which to a great extent be likened to the proverb that says teach a man how to fish... Today PSquare's music is all over. A young woman who is a chorister in a church, Stella, agreed that in most cases, reality shows just fill the young winners' pockets with money when all they need is a little push to get where they want to be.

"To me it is like buying a car for a fisherman and we all know that he may sell it to buy a net at the end of the day," she Said.

Another ardent follower of reality TV shows who gave his name as Peter while speaking to Saturday Independent said many brands that organise reality TV shows are not ready to push these young talents beyond handing them the keys of a new car. "Though many of the winners of different talent hunts have done little or nothing, I believe in the hope that these brands are giving young boys and girls in the street through these platforms. Hope, that they can make it in the right way".

In 2011 came another music talent hunt, the Etisalat sponsored Nigerian Idol, borrowed from almighty American Idol franchise. The Idol started as West African Idol, sponsored by Evina Ibru and saw which saw Timi Dakolo as the first winner and J'odie as third runner up. Since the Idol became 'Nigerian' the winners are yet to be heard by the public musically. So far, Nigerian Idol has produced three winners and is warming up for its fourth edition this 2014 but fans are yet to listen to first single from any of the three winners. The first winner of the Nigerian Idol, Yeka Onka, who is also a model and sister to a rock gospel singer, Iyke Onka, since her win has been missing in the music scene. All that have been heard from the most entertaining talented singer on the Idol stage and winner of 2013 e dition of Nigerian Idol, Mercy Chinwo, is her role As a maid in a movie, Family Runs that starred Majid Michel, Yvonne Nelson, Omawunmi and others. The question is 'did she win a music contest to get a movie role rather than release a single or a full album? Shouldn't they borrow a leaf from their mother hen American Idol? For example in May 23, 2007, Jordin Sparks was crowned the winner of the sixth season of American Idol and that same year, she released a single titled Tattoo. The big sell out single No Air* with Chris Brown followed in 2008, a song that has kept her fresh in the mind of her fans. Considering the circumstances in which some winners recoil back into their shells after winning, one is confused as to whether they have a certain type of music genre they are good at and which they feel the buying public in Nigeria is not ready for? Giving that majority of Nigerian audience prefer danceable secular music to other soft genre of music. These young budding talents get thr own off balance trying to convince the public to accept their music. An up and coming music producer asked this question when Saturday Independent approached him. "Is Nigerian market prepared for reality TV winners?" The young producer recalled that before Iyanya became a big star, it took him years after winning to climb up the music chart and he had to change his genre of music to what everybody wants to hear which is Your Waist. "He was an RnB guru but that didn't pay his bill," he said Airtel also didn't want to be left out of keeping its brand in the face of its customers at least once every year, and so came Nigeria Got Talent. In a way, one can commend their effort in pushing their first child-winner, Amarachi, within a short period of the reality show's debut. Now the nine-year-old fantastic dancer has a single and a video on air titled Amarachi Dance.

Dance related reality television shows will not be left out too. Aside Maltina family dance competition which has been bonding families through dance for the past seven years, Malta Guiness street dance Africa came; it produced two winners and went with the wind.

All we have seen of the first winners was their dance performance in MTN advert.

These reality television shows have done well in providing content for the television stations but in terms of fulfilling their promises of turning their young winners into big stars, most of them, especially the music related reality shows, have scored Zero.

It is said that money spent without investment is a waste that cannot be accounted for. A good number of these young winners become millionaires when they are crowned but after a few years of not investing in the talent that made them rich, they go back to square one.

To some extent, one may conclude that the job of the organisers of these shows in pushing the entertainment careers of these young talents comes to a stop after they win instead of being the starting point.

Many have asked if the shows are actually helping the youth or just an organised way to keep the brands in the face of their consumers for for the duration of the competition.

It should be on record that most big music and movie stars like Genevieve, 2face, TY Savage, D'Banj, Asa, Bez, Rita Domnic, Wizkid, Ice Prince, M.I., Waje, David O, Brymo, sheyi shey, Pete Edochie, Ramsey Noah, Jim Iyke and many others never went through any reality show and they are successful.

Their success is as a result of personal hard work. Same goes for other reality ex contestants like, Omawunmi, J'odie, Praiz who were runners up during their various competitions. They worked their way to the top on personal hard work.

Just as the winners of these various shows need the support of their brand sponsors to be on great music stages round the world, they on their own have to make an honest effort at getting to the top.

Copyright Daily Independent. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media ( allAfrica.com).

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one direction

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Shakespeare Remix are possibly the worst actBritain's Got Talent has ever seen, but strangely, Simon Cowell loves their act on tonight's episode of the ITV show.

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MTV's newest reality TV series Ex on the Beach launches this evening and here's all you need to know about the fun filled, saucy and most definitely sexy show.

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Of the show, MTV states, "What happens when eight smoking hot single guys and girls arrive in paradise for a dream holiday of sun, sea, sex and good times?

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Sunday, April 27, 2014

John Katsilometes

The greatest risk of appearing on a reality TV show, it seems, is confronted at the start: Are you trusting enough to turn over your image to a cartel of directors and producers who want to stage a series based on your life?

This is the extent to which reality show producers love Las Vegas: They're even fascinated by its bureaucracy.

Witness the Clark County Public Administrator's office. The office's staff members don't survive in primitive environments or vie to become the wife of a hot bachelor — instead, they deal with the estates of the deceased — and yet the office has been the subject of a reality show pilot.

The show didn't take off, but the office is just one of many local government agencies tapped as a potential source for reality TV.

Camera crews have been milling about City Hall for several months after the city signed a production agreement with Discovery Studios last August. The studio, which has produced shows for the Discovery Channel network, hopes to shop a pilot showing the inner workings of Las Vegas government. A pilot centered on the Clark County Coroner's Office is also being shopped.

Even more potential pitches get shot down by local officials or fail to materialize. Las Vegas spokesman Jace Radke said the city has received "too many (pitches) to count" over the years. Studios regularly approached the city about a reality show starring former Mayor Oscar Goodman, but nothing ever came of it, Radke said. Other failed ideas have targeted Clark County's Marriage License Bureau and its fire department.

So what's with all the interest? County spokesman Erik Pappa attributed it to Las Vegas' mystique – the city's reputation as a place where anything can happen and often does.

"Even the most mundane things can be tantalizing when they're in Las Vegas,'' he said. "Las Vegas has a number of stereotypes, some good, some bad. With these reality shows, you get to see Las Vegas behind the scenes. You get to see it from a different perspective.

"Some of these shows would work OK in a place like Dubuque (Iowa), but in Las Vegas there's an added dimension of cool."

— CONOR SHINE

It is a risky proposition. Some reality show subjects have bemoaned the dreaded Final Edit, remarking that what appears on TV is not real, but is actually a manufactured form of twisted reality. The surgical process of video editing can make even a priest look like a drug addict. But when the final product suits the subject, producers and (most important) viewing public, reality TV can turn a what might be no more than a unique personality into an international superstar.

Just ask Austin "Chumlee" Russell. We did. The gruff-but-lovable cast member of the reality TV phenomenon "Pawn Stars," who just five years ago was a nondescript employee at Gold & Silver Pawn who worked the counter and examined items offered for sale or pawn, is among the array of Las Vegas personalities who have become famous on TV.

But what is real? What airs on TV is not always reality; the subjects are performing a role that happens to be themselves.

A look at some of the more famous Vegas reality show subjects, beginning with an increasingly svelte Mr. Russell.

Austin 'Chumlee' Russell of 'Pawn Stars'

History Channel, Thursdays 9/8c

During a photo shoot in the back of the Gold & Silver shop, Chumlee peels off his black T-shirt in favor of an official "Pawn Stars" T. "No pictures! Please!" he half-jokes. "TMZ had photos of me without my shirt when I was in Maui. We don't want that. Lemme lose some more weight first."

In fact, he already has lost 100 pounds (and counting), to a walking-around weight of 220.

So highly sought by fans that he often dons a hat and shades, Chumlee today is a bona fide celebrity, a popular fixture on any red-carpet event in the city.

He often struggles to pinpoint the reason for his individual fame, though it is clear his fans root for his success and find him naturally approachable.

And that is not always the real Chumlee.

"I'm honestly probably the least approachable out of all of us in reality. I don't do well in conversation, you know, I'm just very quiet and reserved for the most part," he says. "I've opened up a lot since the show (premiered), but Corey and Rick, they talk a lot more than I do."

Chumlee recognizes that he is playing a character, even as the character is him.

"People can relate to me, and they root for me because on the show I am the dumb guy, the one who is a little rougher around the edges," he says. "When people come in the store, they want to give me a hug and say hi. They want to see the Old Man sitting in his chair, they want to talk to Rick about whatever item they have. They interact with us differently … It takes a special person to be a Corey fan (laughs).

"But me, I'm the guy they want to hug."

Those fans turned out by the dozens this month during a public announcement welcoming the stage production "Pawn Stars Live" to the Riviera. Rick and Corey Harrison couldn't be there, but the crowd seemed not to care, not as long as Chumlee was there. As he took the mic, one shouted, "We love you, Chumlee!" The star of "Pawn Stars" grinned right back.

Chumlee was not on the path to stardom when he met the Harrison family, which owns Gold & Silver Pawn at 713 Las Vegas Blvd. South. The Russell family was not well-off and Chumlee never graduated from high school (he earned a GED).

But once the show hit, its success was astonishing and swift. Within a year, it was the highest-rated show ever on History Channel and remains the most-watched of any reality-based series on cable TV.

Though it is difficult to accurately measure a fan favorite on a TV show, Chumlee is the only one to have his own merchandise line and has more Twitter followers (nearly 200,000) than any other cast member.

He is also the only Pawn Star to be the subject of a false report that he'd died. Most recently, the Twitter universe bubbled over with a hoax that Chumlee had a heart attack. It required a public denial from both Chumlee and Rick Harrison.

Nodding when it is suggested that a false-death rumor is a certain sign of universal fame, Chumlee is also driven by the early death of a loved one. His father died in 2009 at age 54 of pancreatic cancer, just weeks before the premiere episode of "Pawn Stars."

His father's death was just about the moment when Chumlee's fame began its ascent. He remains straightforward in his assessment of fame, and those who track how he spends his newfound fortune are quick to say he is not a squanderer.

"I am very lucky, and I realize that every day I wake up," he says. "I'm just like the others, riding this out. What's next? I have no idea right now. I'm just enjoying the ride."

In explaining the popularity of the show, Chumlee says it helps that the show is staged in Las Vegas.

"My sister lives in Vernal, Utah," he says. "If you had this show in Vernal, I don't think it would do nearly as well. People love to watch shows in Vegas, and we get some crazy stuff in the store, from Super Bowl rings to JFK's cigar box to a hot-air balloon. So people keep coming back to the show to see what kind of stuff people bring to us."

In invoking his sister, Terra, Chumlee reminds of his family's humble underpinnings. Terra raises four kids and the siblings' other brother, Sage. At age 18, Sage is the first and only member of the family to graduate from high school.

Holly Madison of 'The Girls Next Door' and 'Holly's World'

Click to enlarge photo

The VIP grand opening of Brooklyn Bowl included Elvis Costello and The Roots, Holly Madison, pictured here, Claire Sinclair, Josh Strickland and Human Nature on Sunday, March 16, 2014, in the Linq.

Madison was caught in the tide of a reality TV project centered on the Playboy Mansion, where she had been living in the mid-2000s, and became one of three girlfriends of Hugh Hefner on "The Girls Next Door," joining Bridget Marquardt and Kendra Wilkinson. She later starred in another Fox Television/Playboy Enterprises reality series, "Holly's World."

Why she was picked: At the time a Hawaiian Tropic model and waitress at Hooters who had studied at Loyola Marymount University, Madison was repeatedly invited to the mansion and had moved into the estate when concepts for a reality show were first being discussed. "I got myself into this situation where I was living at the mansion and there were all of these ideas going around, 'Maybe we'll focus on the butlers,' like that, and they interviewed the girls and ended up liking us," she says today. "If we wanted to stay at the mansion, we had to be filmed for the show."

How real life is different from reality TV: " 'The Girls Next Door' was a very restrictive environment, and it didn't allow me to be who I really was," Madison says. "I never really wanted to be a reality person. I had come to L.A. to be an actress. I was very private when it came to my personal life and had actually changed my last name because I didn't want my family to be caught up in coverage of me. This was something I kind of had to participate in."

On "Holly's World," Madison says she strove to show how a single woman could generate a successful career as an entertainer on the Strip. Instead, the show became a tragicomedy centering on Madison's role as sexy showgirl and ex-Playboy magazine model. "I had no ownership of the show, ," she says. "There was way more Playboy propaganda put into the show than I would have liked. My friend Claire (Sinclair, the 2011 Playboy Playmate of the Year) was put on the show as a possible spin-off character, when she was in Vegas as a guest star in 'Crazy Horse Paris,' and to me she was a little-sister type trying to make it in Vegas. That's why she was relevant as a friend."

But producers had other ideas.

"Of course, those who wanted her on the show wanted her to promote Playboy," Madison says, "and I was not interested in promoting Playboy by then."

Scott and Amie Yancey of 'Flipping Vegas'

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Scott and Amie Yancey, from A&E's "Flipping Vegas," during an interview on Tuesday, Nov. 26, 2013.

A&E, Season 3 finale was April 12. Full episodes can be viewed at aetv.com

Why they were picked: Telegenic, rich and highly animated, the Yanceys filled a void on unscripted shows by unearthing the process of renovating often dilapidated, "ripped apart" (Amie's term) vacated homes and selling them for a muscular profit. The couple's interaction is often contentious; too, as Scott says, "We're like Ricky and Lucy Ricardo, with some F-bombs thrown in."

As is typically the case, Las Vegas played into the allure of the pilot. Amie says: "The 24-hour city is a magical place, there's no place like it, and people want to see where people live here. We take them to these homes, and also show them some really cool scenery."

How reality is different from reality TV: As Scott says, "We play hard, fight hard, love hard. They don't show a lot of the love in there. They are going to edit out me holding Amie's hand. If I say, 'Thank you,' there's no chance in hell it's going to make it. "

"We seem to argue all the time, but we don't bring up work on our off time," Amie says. Scott adds, "I might say the F-word a couple of times in over 120 hours of filming, but then you see the series and it's like 75 times. I am saying this over and over, and my mom is watching, and I need to make it clear to her that I don't swear that much."

The couple's new reality is they are hosting home-flipping seminars across the country. "More than ever in my life, people are asking me how they can make this happen, how to get into this field, and it's very positive because they love the show," Scott says. "So, it's OK, in the end, how we are perceived on the show."

Dirk Vermin of 'Bad Ink'

Click to enlarge photo

A&E, Season 2 finale was Feb. 24. Full episodes can be viewed at aetv.com

Why he was picked: Vermin is an artist, entrepreneur and something of a Renaissance man as a native Las Vegan who opened PussyKat Tattoo on Maryland Parkway just south of Tropicana Avenue 15 years ago. For more than a decade, he has been one of the city's most recognizable figures, as founder, lead vocalist and guitarist of the punk band the Vermin. His professional specialty remains somewhat rare: Masking or correcting either poor tattoo craftsmanship or simply bad ideas by those wearing the tattoos. His image as a single father of two young girls (14-year-old Jasmine and 11-year-old TigerLily, who appear regularly on the show) has also made his on-screen life appealing to viewers.

How real life is different from reality TV: "If anything, I think they show me in a better light than I actually am," Vermin says, laughing. "My actual life would probably be on Showtime instead of A&E. But they are showing more depth of character and a softer side of me than I think people see in real life. It's not a drama-based show. It's about comedy, and it is also very heartwarming. You see more heartwarming stories than you might if you were following me around, and not so much silliness."

Saying he is now recognized "everywhere, including Times Square and Disneyland," Vermin was encouraged by producers' decision to air an episode featuring an 83-year-old woman who had a rosary tattooed around her arm.

"She had all of her jewelry stolen from her room in an assisted-living facility, and one of the items taken was this rosary that I think was given to her by her grandmother," Vermin says. "We did this tattoo, and it was her first at age 83, and afterward she says, 'This is one rosary nobody is going to take from me.' It was one of those moments where the room just got quiet.'

"It was a real moment, 100 percent."

Danny Koker of 'Counting Cars'

Click to enlarge photo

One-time vampire Elvis and current reality TV star Danny "The Count" Koker sits in a restored hearse.

History Channel, Season 3 finale was March 4. Rerun times can be found www.history.com/shows/counting-cars/episodes

Why he was picked: Koker was among the many expert guests brought into the Gold & Silver Pawn Shop, summoned to examine and help provide value estimates on vehicles offered for sale or pawn at the shop. Koker is also a well-known rock musician around town who fronts the band Count's 77 and is the proprietor of Count's Vamp'd Rock Bar and Grill on West Sahara Avenue.

How reality differs from reality TV: "In all honesty, it would be that you don't see my immediate family on the show," he says. "I am very protective of that, protective of my mom. I have family in town and in other parts of the country and I keep them 100 percent off the show. We have this amazing fan base who really love the show and respond very positively, but there is this group that can be very intrusive and a little kooky sometimes, and I don't want my family to be involved in that. So you don't see that side of me on the show."

The way business is conducted, too, is changed. Koker's staff works in a higher gear to meet the show's recording schedule (and "Counting Cars" is in the middle of shooting Season 4 in Las Vegas). "We are now up against tight time constraints for a show airing on a network, where if I had 12-13 cars to restore, normally it would take a couple of years," says Koker, who is a self-taught mechanic and vehicle restoration expert. "Now, in our world, we have just weeks, or maybe months, to get that work done."

MAX WEISMAN INTERVIEWS MORTIMER ADLER


Mortimer J. Adler

Mortimer J. Adler

Part 3: Sexual Love

Weismann: But we also know that friendly love exists in the real world where it is often mixed with sexual desire to form another kind of love — erotic or sexual love. That is the problem I would now like us to focus on — the nature of erotic love, or love between the sexes — the problem of understanding how love can be sexual and also truly love?

Adler: The natural reaction of anyone who has been following our discussion might be: What's that? What did I hear you say? How can love be sexual and at the same time truly love? How is that a problem? They might even be tempted to say that the real problem is the very opposite: How can anything be truly love if it is not erotic, if it does not involve sex directly or indirectly? This requires a word of explanation before we go any further. Did I say a word? Perhaps, a little more than that. H

In the first place, I must call your attention to the fact that everyone uses the word love in a broader sense than merely "love between the sexes." Granted that when the word "love" appears in newspaper headlines or in television and motion picture advertisements, it usually means sexual love. Granted that most of the great stories of love — in novels and plays — are stories of erotic love. Granted that such common phrases as "love at first sight" or "first love" immediately call to mind the image of a boy and girl.

Nevertheless, it is not only in the weighty discourses of the philosophers and theologians that the word "love" has another meaning. It has other meanings for all of us — for all of us speak of the love of parents for children, of children for parents, of patriots for their country, and of religious persons for God. The love which moves the world, according to common Christian belief, is God's love and the love of God.

Weismann: I am not a Freudian, but those who are might object that you've overlooked the fact that, according to Freud, all these other loves are merely extensions of sexual love — sublimations, that's the word, isn't it?

Adler: That's the word all right. Your question anticipates what I was just about to say. Remember I began by saying "in the first place." In the second place, I was going to come to Freud; there are two theories of love, of which Freud represents one extreme and Aristotle the other.

Freud's view is that all love is sexual in its origin or its basis. Even those loves which do not appear to be sexual or erotic have a sexual root or core. They are all sublimations of the sexual instinct.

Aristotle's view, on the other hand, is that relationships based solely on sexual pleasure are not truly love; nor does love have its origin or basis in sexual desire, or any desire that is selfish and acquisitive. On the contrary, the mainspring of love is the benevolent impulse of goodwill toward another person. Only if they are somehow associated with a love that is independent of them, can sexual desires participate in the nature of love.

I know this looks like an irreconcilable opposition. But I think it is not quite as bad as that. I don't mean that we can ever get Freud and Aristotle to agree completely, but I do mean that they come very close together on the main point — on what is involved in the nature of sexual love.

Weismann: I am curious to know how you are going to show us this? How are you going to proceed?

Adler: You are impatient today. I was just about to say that I am going to proceed as follows: first, by stating the problem itself a little more clearly; then, some attempt at its solution, and, finally, the difficulties that remain.

The characteristics of love, whether they exist apart from sex or involve sex, everyone agrees that there are two things which must be present in any relationship that deserves to be called love. They can be summarized as: 1) Benevolent impulses: To benefit, to do good to, and 2) Desire for union: To be with, to become one with.

Everyone agrees also that without these two things you have mere sexuality, but not sexual love. Let me explain what I mean by "mere sexuality." By mere sexuality I mean the gratification of sexual impulses or desires, the fulfillment of the sexual or reproductive instinct. We find this, and I think only this, in animals. The mating of animals is a purely sexual act, totally devoid of love. There is no evidence of love in the behavior of animals.

Weismann: Hold on there. Now you are going too fast for me. Most people who have animal pets certainly think that their cats or dogs or horses love them — often love them more or better than most human beings do. Furthermore, you said that the desire for union is a mark of love. Well, isn't animal mating an expression of the desire for union? Why isn't that love?

Adler: I don't think that domesticated animals or pets love their domesticators. But that's one argument I don't want to get into today. I know that you can't convince people who have pets about this. As for your other question, let me say first that animals which mate show no benevolence toward one another. This mark of love is completely absent. Secondly, since the desire for union is entirely on the bodily level, it differs from the kind of union that is the aim of love, at least, of human love.

Weismann: How then would you state the problem we are concerned with?

Adler: Let me say this, here we are not concerned with mere sexuality apart from love, or with love apart from sex. We are concerned with those human relationships which involve both sexuality and love, when these two things are fused together to form the remarkable amalgam known as sexual or erode love — which draws both on the physical and animal side of human nature and also on its rational and spiritual side.

It is here — and perhaps only here — that Aristotle and Freud tend to agree. Let's review their positions. Aristotle: the desire for sensual pleasure must be subordinated to respect and admiration for the other person, if love is to exist between the sexes. Freud: uninhibited sexuality, sexuality which is not somewhat controlled and sublimated, is not love. Love results only when, with some inhibition of sexuality, tender feelings toward the object of sexual desire enter into the picture — and there is more love and less animal sexuality in proportion as tender impulses predominate over selfish desires.

Let me read you Freud's own words on this point: "Being in love is based upon the simultaneous presence of direct sexual tendencies and of sexual tendencies that are inhibited in their aims. So that the object draws a part of the narcissistic ego-libido to itself."

Weismann: What does Freud mean by that statement?

Adler: He means that when a person is in love, he ceases to love only himself — "narcissistic ego-libido" — and some of that love is given to another person — the object loved. More important, what does he mean by "sexual tendencies that are inhibited in their aim" — which is the cause of this shift from purely selfish desire to love?

We must turn to another passage in the same essay for his answer. Freud goes on to tell us here that when sexual instincts are "inhibited in their aim," the emotions which we feel toward the objects of our sexual interest "are characterized as tender." Then he goes on to say: "The depth to which anyone is in love, as contrasted with purely sensual desire, may be measured by the size of the share (in the love) taken by the tenderness resulting from inhibited sexual instincts."

Weismann: Is it your contention that it is here that Freud and Aristotle come very close to agreeing — on the problem of how sex and love can go together?

Adler: Yes, let me elaborate. The first step is to understand the difference between sexual desires and all other bodily desires like hunger and thirst. Ordinary desires are for things to be used or consumed, but sexual desire, like love, is not for a thing to be used, but for a person — another human being.


Recommended read: Mortimer J. Adler's, The Angels and Us


It is never a desire simply for pleasure, for the sexual instinct is the reproductive instinct, and therefore its aim is to produce something — that is, to reproduce or procreate, to give birth to an image of itself. An image of what? Not of either person, but of both united. This leads us to the deepest insight — that sexual desire is a desire for union.

Weismann: I think I am beginning to see what you are driving at. You made the desire for union an essential of love. Now, you make union the main aim of sexual desire. Is that how you fuse sex and love together into sexual love?

Adler: Yes, that's the heart of the matter, but I still have not fully explained the point. Let me go on. See if what I am now about to say doesn't really make it clearer.

If you leave sex out, what is the nature of the union lovers seek? It is a spiritual, not a physical union — a union which consists in their sharing things, through knowledge of one another, and above all through conversation with one another. Only thus can they become one through spiritually entering into one another's lives.

Now let me call your attention to the words that are used to refer to sexual union in the Bible and in the law. In the Bible it is know; Abraham knew Sarah. In the law it is carnal conversation. I cannot make enough of this fact, for what it leads us to see is that sexual union is to be understood as the physical expression of a spiritual desire; or, if you like, that spiritual union is a sublimation of sexual desire. In either case, the same point remains — that union in body together with union in soul make up sexual love — sexuality with love, love with sexuality.

Weismann: Can you now give us a clear statement of the solution to this problem?

Adler: I will try with three points: 1) Human sexuality can take two directions: sex in the service of love, and thus elevated and humanized by love; or sex divorced from love, and so degraded to the animal or bestial level of mere sexuality. 2) Sex divorced from love is nothing but lust, sensuality, mere bodily desire, a desire for pleasure even separated from the reproductive aim. This is the very opposite of love, even of sexual love, because it is entirely selfish, acquisitive, and even cruel. 3) Sex in the service of love or sublimated into love is genuinely love. It is erotic love, not mere sexuality, because it involves these three things: a) desire to please as well as to be pleased, b) compassion as well as passion, c) understanding of sexual union as a physical form of knowledge or conversation.

Weismann: The way in which your third point pulls together the first two points — the first one about love and the second one about sex — quite dramatically shows how sexuality and love can be fused to constitute the thing we call erotic or sexual love. Is that the complete solution of the problem with which we started?

Adler: Not quite. There's one further difficulty which I am not sure I can solve. It involves a question to which Freud and Aristotle seem to give different answers. I am not sure I know which is right.

The problem still facing us is this: In sexual or erotic love, is sexual desire the root of love, or is the love of the other person the source of sexual desire? Let me put the question more concretely. When people fall in love, which comes first — liking or wanting. Granted that, when a man loves a woman, he is saying two things "I like you" and "I want you" which does he say first? Can we say which comes first — admiration, respect, liking — or wanting? And does it make a difference?

Let's review the opposed theories on this question. Aristotle's: that even in sexual love, liking always comes first; then sexual desire can be added to it to complete it, but it can never be its origin or root. Freud's: that sexual love usually grows out of sexual desire, by some inhibition and sublimation of the drives of the sexual instincts. I say "usually" because Freud seems to admit exceptions. He says: "Erotic wishes develop out of emotional relations of a friendly character, based on appreciation and admiration." And he goes on to say, "On the other hand, it is more usual for direct sexual tendencies, short-lived in themselves, to be transformed into a lasting and purely tender tie; and the consolidation of a passionate love marriage rests to a large extent on this process."

Weismann: Perhaps, there is no single answer to this question; perhaps sexual love happens both ways — with liking following wanting, or wanting following liking. But even though it may happen both ways, would not the result be the same?

Adler: No, and here's why. When sex comes first, and especially if it remains primary, then the love that is based on it will be fickle and short-lived — as changeable as sexual interest is. When love — or liking — comes first, then the relationship is stable in its foundations, and has more chance of lasting. It can endure all the vicissitudes of sex, and can even outlast the complete dissipation of sexual interest.

One further point: I find the selectivity of erotic love — the choice of this man or this woman — much more intelligible if liking the person is the origin of sexual interest, rather than the other way.

But before we move on to the morality of love, there is one point I mentioned earlier to which I would like to return. It is the point about the procreative or reproductive aspect of sexual love. I wonder if most people ever ask themselves why love is connected with reproduction. And if they do ask themselves about this, I wonder what answer they give.

The only answer I know, or at least the only one that seems satisfactory to me, is given by Plato in his dialogue on love called Symposium. May I say in passing that both Aristotle and Freud learned a great deal from this dialogue. It is not only the first, but also, perhaps, the greatest single work on love in the whole of Western literature.

He points out that love is of the good, and that it wishes to possess the good everlastingly. Love wishes to perpetuate itself. Love wishes for immortality. But we are mortal. How then, can love attain its aim? "It is to be attained," Plato tells us, "by generation, because generation always leaves behind a new existence in the place of the old…We should not marvel, then, at the love which all men have of their offspring; for that universal love and interest is for the sake of immortality…"

That is why I said earlier that one of the aims of sexual union is procreation — the creation by reproduction of an image of itself, of the union. This aim is not alien to love's wish to perpetuate itself for as Plato says, "…men hope that their offspring will preserve their memory and give them the blessings of immortality which they desire."

Plato goes on to develop this insight by comparing the love that is involved in the procreation of children with the love of beauty or truth that underlies the creation of works of art.


Recommended Read: Mortimer J. Adler's, The Angels and Us


Max Weismann is an American philosopher and President/Director and co-founder with Dr. Mortimer J. Adler of the Center for the Study of The Great Ideas, former Chairman of the Great Books Academy and Classical Homeschooling, published a popular book entitled How to Think About The Great Ideas: From the Great Books of Western Civilization How to Prove There Is a God: Mortimer J. Adler's Writings and Thoughts About God. Max publishes and edits the journals Philosophy is Everybody's Business and The Great Ideas Online, is moderator of international Great Books seminars and a lifelong member of the Great Books Foundation. Weismann has been teaching and promoting liberal education, through the reading and discussion of the great books of Western civilization, for more than 50 years.


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